Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger 1815 originally Canis brachyurus, Smith 1839; 90 cm at the withers) is the extant maned 'wolf'. The tall limbs are adaptations to open, tall grass environments of South America. Basal to the canid clade.

Canis lupus (Linneaus 1758, up to160 cm in length, Pliocene, 10 mya to present) is the extant gray wolf. It is running carnivore nesting with the manned wolf, Chrysocyon (above) with similar digitigrade paws.

Proteles cristata (Sparrman 1783, extant) is the extant aardwolf, traditionally considered a dog-like hyena sister that eats termites with its long sticky tongue. By contrast, the large reptile tree nests the aardwolf with Canis the dog, but still close to the hyena, Crocuta.

Overall the skull is primitive in construction, but note the small size of the premolars and molar (only one remains) all of which are reduced to blunt stubs. The forelimbs are stilt-like

Borophagus secudus (Cope 1892; Middle Miocene to Late Pliocene; skull length 17cm) is one of the larger bone-crushing or hyena-like 'dogs'. Here it nests with the South American dog Chrysocyon. The premaxilla extends to mid-canine and touches the frontals in this clade. This abundant predator may have been the apex predator of its time in North America.

Osbornodon fricki (Wang 1994; Oligocene to Early Miocene, 15mya) here it nests with Borophagus.

Homotherium latidens (Owen 1846, Anton et al 2021, Late Pliocene to Pleistocene, 4mya to 12kya, MNHN.F.PET 2000 a, b) is traditionally considered a wide-ranging cat adapted to running down, rather than ambushing prey. In the LRT Homotherium nests with the aardwolf, Proteles, in the canid clade, converging with sabertooths like Smilodon and felids like Panthera with retractable claws. Note the long rostrum and last tooth anterior to the orbit.