Speothos veanticus (Lund 1842; up to 75cm in length) is the extant South American bush dog, traditionally considered a basal dog. Here Speothos nests at the base of the South American 'bears', derived from longer-legged mane wolves like Chrysocyon. Speothos was first identified as a fossil, then as a living taxon. Webbed toes allow this genus to swim more effectively. Giant extinct relatives inlcude Megistotherium.

Melursus ursinus (originally Bradypus ursinus Shaw 1791, Meyer 1793) is the extant sloth bear, restricted to India and nesting with the South American bush do, Speothos, and spectacled bear, Tremarctos.

Tremarctos ornatus (Cuvier 1825) is the extant spectacled bear. Not related to other bears, here it nests with another South American member of Carnivora, Speothos.