Mammuthus primigenius (Brookes 1828, originally Elephas primigenius Blumenback 1799). is the extinct woolly mammoth, very close to Elephas in morphology. Note the higher occiput needed to leverage the weight of the the larger tusks. The feet are broader, the tail is shorter, both as a response to its polar environment.

Elephas maximus (Linnaeus 1758) is the living Asian elephant. The nares are retracted to the forehead and a soft tissue trunk is present. The large skull is air-filled. The premaxillary teeth are transformed into tusks. Only molars appeat in the dentary. Close relatives includ the large aquatic Dusisiren and small, hooved Procavia. The