Pteronisculus nielseni (originaly Glaucolepis (preoccupied Stensio 1921) White 1933; Xu et al. 2014; Early to Middle Triassic, 250 mya; IVPP V 20000; 11–40cm in length) despite its late appearance, this taxon nests at the base of the ray fin fish clade (sans catfish, bichirs and a few other taxa). It arose from the Early Devonian acanthodian (spiny shark) Brachyacanthus.

Bluefiedius mercerensis (Mickle 2018, Late Mississippian, KUVP 155843) was originally described without a phylogenetic analysis. Here this fish nests between Pteronisculus nd Kalops.

Kalops monophrys (Poplln and Lund 2002; M 27372A. Namurian, Middle Carboniferous, 325mya) has a short pectoral lobe, a small pelvic fin and a series of dorsal scutes. Here it nests with Bluefieldius.

Paratarrasius hibbardi (Lund and Melton 1982, UM5557, CM 35231, Mississippian, Bear Gulch Fm, 325 mya, up to 13.6 cm long) nests as a sister to the coeval Kalops in the LRT. Lateral spines have disappeared. Only fan-like pectoral fins on a short lobe remain present. The dorsal and anal fins are long and continuous, merging with the caudal fin. A segmented notochord is present, rather than individual vertebrae and ribs.

Paratarrasius is not related to Tarrasius, which is related to the moray eel, Gymnothorax, in the LRT.