Youngina capensis (Broom 1914, AMNH 5561, skull length est. 8cm, Late Permian; is the holotype specimen of Youngina. Here it nests basal to proterosuchids and derived from Prolacerta. This evolutionary sequence was overlooked by prior workers.

Crushed bone give the impression of antorbital and mandibular fenestrae exactly where these fenestrae develop in the BPI/1/4016 specimen of Proterosuchus.

Maiothisavros dianeae (Mooney et al 2023, Early Permian, ROMVP 87366) was originally unidentified. Here it nests as the earliest archosauriform, close to Late Permian Youngina capensis and Early Triassic Proterosuchus, phylogenetically miniaturized from Early Triassic Prolacerta.

Broom R 1914. A new thecodont reptile. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1914:1072-1077.

Gardner NM, Holliday CM and O'Keefe FR 2010. The braincase of Youngina capensis (Reptilia, Diapsida): New insights from high-resolution CT scanning of the holotype. Paleonotologica Electronica 13(3).

Gow CE 1975. The morphology and relationships of Youngina capensis Broom and Prolacerta broomi Parrington. Palaeontologia Africana, 18:89-131.

Mooney ED, Maho T, Bevitt JJ and Reisz RR 2022. An intriguing new diapsid reptile with evidence of mandibulo-dental pathology from the early Permian of Oklahoma revealed by neutron tomography. PLoS ONE 17(11): e0276772.

Olson EC 1936. Notes on the skull of Youngina capensis Broom. Journal of Geology, 44 (4): 523-533.

Reisz RR, Modesto SP and Scott DMT 2011. A new Early Permian reptile and its significance in early diapsid evolution. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B
doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0439

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