Mcnamaraspis kaprios (Long 1995; Late Devonian) is smaller than Dunkleosteus with larger eyes and smaller jaws.

Titanichthys clarki (Newberry 1885; Late Devonian) This skull lacked sharp edges and palatine 'teeth' indicating diet of plankton or sea-bottom creatures. Note the genesis of a lateral temporal fenestra confluent with the dorsal orbit.

Stenosteus angustopectus (Carr 1996; Late Devonian) is a selenosteid placoderm related to Titanichthys with a very wide, very low skull. Also compare this taxon to Coccosteus. Note the large lateral temporal fenestra (LTF) confluent with the orbit and gracile mandible.

Cobelodus aculeatus (Zangerl and Case 1976, originally Styptobasis aculeata Cope 1891; FMNH UF576; Pennsylvanian, Middle to Late Carboniferous; 2m) is a large, shark-like taxon originally considered a holocephalian. Here it nests with Falcatus as 'the best known Paleozoic elasmobranch' (ca 1976).

Zangerl and Case note, "In the differentiation of the neurocranium and the visceral skeleton, Cobelodus presents a morphological condition not previously documented in any chondrichthyan, or, for that matter, any other fish."

The hyoid arch is not connected by ligaments in any with the mandibular arch. The authors considered this pirmitive, but reported, "Not everyone, nowadays, would agree that the aphetohyoidian condition in Cobelodus and its allies is primitive."

Large eyes suggest a deep sea niche. The pectoral fins have a 30cm trailing feeler/clasper supported by flexible cartilage. No anal fin is present. The pelvic fins are elongate.

Jagorina pandora (Jaekel 1921; 6cm skull to synacrural; Mb.f 510.2; Late Devonian) was originally considered a placoderm, but here nests within the Siluriformes within Placodermi. Here bones missing from the diagram are replaced in frame 2 based on Stenosteus.

Gemuendina stuertzi (Traquair 1903; Gross 1963; 30cm to 1m; Early Devonian; KGM 1983 306) was originally considered a rhenanid placoderm. Here it nests with other traditional placoderms close to catfish.