Mesocyon coryphaeus (Scott 1890, Oligocene, 30mya, North America) nests with Nandinia and Gustafson as a basal member of Carnivora. Here the largely missing zygomatic arch (= jugal + squamosal) is also reconstructed with an arch, as in related taxa.

Speothos veanticus (Lund 1842; up to 75cm in length) is the extant South American bush dog, traditionally considered a basal dog. Here Speothos nests at the base of the South American 'bears', derived from longer-legged mane wolves like Chrysocyon. Speothos was first identified as a fossil, then as a living taxon. Webbed toes allow this genus to swim more effectively. Giant extinct relatives inlcude Osbornodon.

Osbornodon fricki (Wang 1994; Oligocene to Early Miocene, 15mya) here it nests with Borophagus.